Method and means of mounting lenses



Nbv. 4 ,1924- w. TAYLOR ET AL I METHOD AND MEANS OF MOUNTING LENSES 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 1921 K R Q A] INVENTOR w ATTORNEY Nov. 4 1924.

W. TAYLOR ET AL METHOD AND MEANS OF MOUNTING LENSES 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR i 2 2 M 1; W,//M-

ZJATTORNEY Nov. 4 1924.

W. TAYLOR ET AL METHOD AND MEANS OF MOUNTING LENSES INVENTOR hum WJdM4- ATTQRNEY Nov, 4 1924. 1,514,352

, w. TAYLOR ET AL METHOD AND MEANS OF MOUNTING LENSES Filed July 6, 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 IP7VENTOR WM W [44 ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 4, 1924.

snares" MnTrro-nnnn; Means on iv onn'rine LENSES,

Application filed Jull-yfi; 1921. SeriabNo. @2345.

To aZZ- w ham. z'tmay cancer m:

Be: it known that W; lVInnIAM: TAYLOR and ARTHU lVAnMIsHAM, subjects of the King ofi Great. Britain, both residing at Stoughton Street 'lV'orks; vIzk'eicester; inthe county otLeicester, England, have invented certain new. andi useful: Improvementsin hfethods. and Meansofi littountingx Lenses, fully; described and: 'representedain the. fol-. lowing. specification and the, acoomp anying drawings, forminga part: ot the same- This. invention relates to. the mountingof a plurality-of.- lensesforming/ one optical? system, and particularly to photographic, microscopic and similar lenses in which it is. of" importance that the; separations andrcentering oi the component glasses (:Which. separations should." vary; as between ones complete. lens "and another, Withwvariations of the thickness-..or focal length, oti-the com-.1 ponents) should be determined and eflZectedr' with precision.

The obj ect of the; invention. is.-.to zprov.-ide an improvedmethod and meanssof' effects iii-,9; such accurate. mounting ot lenses, appli cable: particularly to the -man.ufact ure of lenses in. quantities, With'avieWi-to. accom.- modating such differences ofd iaan-eter, thicks. ness,.1-'e;tractive= index, and curvature, ashor-v Ina'llyexist am-ong a nnmbenof lenses manna faotur ed nominally to; the same specification.

It; has; been. customary, in. making lenses. of the kind mentioned,.tomonntthem-in cells: having1= internal! shoulders, hereinafter termed; abutmentsg against: which the com-; ponent glasses: are secured to place each setof lenses in its mounting with the abut: ments separated as prescribed by; calculation for a normal lens, to testtheassembl'ed lens optically, and then to: make modification in: the positions of the variousabutmei ts. as may, in the judgment of askiilled examiner, appear to; bc-.1iecessary. The cell-and its. abutment or their equivalent: are hereinafter termed a setting.

Now according to this: invention the set.. tings; 01' the component lenses. are adjusted according to the departure from normal of their thickness, focal. length and. diameter or according to the departure from normal of any one or two of these characteristics. The normal separation of the abutmentsfor any-particular lens for example alens as is" shown. in central longitudina'h section in Figure 10 of the. accompanyingdrawings, is

calculated in the usualg Way, but the need of mountingithealensesfor trial before mak- 1 mg adjustment: otg th-e. abutments is.-di s pensed' With, andfvinstead, the thicknessiand focal lengthfo-f each component lensis mease ured so as todetermin'e its variations-from. the normal (or--- specified), thickness and focal length, and from schedules ofcorrections prepared for each: kind of lens, is, ascertained What'depar'ture from thGvIlOIHlELl: positional relation of the abutments is necessary to obtain the. GOEIBCbIfGSllltS! from each combination of component lenses.-

Incrder to increase-the accuracyeof'the determination oat the focal: length. of? anweles. ment or-ofi the departure-of the; focal; length from the normah', the f element in, question may be con-ibi-ned with; a standard element oi; the opposite kind; rfor; example;- aconverge'nt element may be; combined a with; a: standard divergent elementof=- longerfocal length, which, is adaptedbyaisuitalole. device of glass; and curvatures :to; form; a combination correct for spherical ,andchromatic. aberrar. tions, and: preferably having a focal; length at least double; thatlof thei convergent element. By such means," variation fromthe normal in: the focahlengthwofi' the. element under test; can be determined accuratelyion} an enlarged .S.Cll&,,Wlf1 lGl1 'ls zatileasb 4 tog 1, but which may be arranged to be; 10.; to 1.

Apparatus is provided y? whi h t b! 1 ments in-a 'niountingw may he cut or adj, ted to. the, positionah relation so determined, an d 5 true to: one common axis, and at the same time the bores of" the 1 settingsgmay be; out or J adj ustedtrnly to such- 1axis,;,and acc ord3- ing: to, any! variations fromv normal of; the. diametersiof. the lenses. These adjustments maybe made either-by chuckin t thevmollnti with itssettingsi complete; lathe or. like. apparatus and performing the necessary 013-, erations uponthescttings either successively or simultaneously; or, in caseswh-ere the design oi the mounting admits of it, thew-arious settings may be operated upon; sepflr rately. The schedule is prepared either; mathe mat-ically or otherwise :to give. the. variation, in several elements. such as air spaces, re; quired; to; counteract, iniits effect. on the op... tical aberrations-fine influence. 0.1: abnormali; ties .of-thiclsrhesssor focal length of compo, nentglasses,

The total. variation in a particular aicase of each component lens, of variations,

both of refractive index and-curvature.

The apparatus may have the form of a lathe and one form thereof is illustrated by the accompanying drawingswherein Figure 1 is a plan view, partly in section,

showing the advance position of the slide rest and the tools in dotted line;

Figure 2 is an end elevation;

Figure 3 is a side elevation;

Figure 4 is a fragmentary plan view partly sectioned on the lines l-4 of Figures 2 and 3,

Figure 5 is an end elevation sectioned on the line 5-5' of Figure 1; I

Figure 6 is a fragmentary longitudinal section on the line 66 of Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a fragmentary longitudinal section on the line 7-7 of Figure 8 showing one of the drums and associated parts;

Figure 8 is a'fragmentary transverse section on the line 88 of Figure 7 showing one of the drums and one of the stops; and

Figure 9 is a central longitudinal section of a lens mounting, and Figure 10 a central longitudinal section of a lens of a kind to which this invention may be applied.

As shown the apparatus comprises a bed A with a work spindle B mounted thereon in the-usual" manner and driven by a belt (not shown) passing over a pulley b fixed on the spindle. Sliding upon the bed A on ways a, a is a compound slide rest Chaving a surface 0, 0 on which a number of turning tools 0 c 0 0 may be clamped in a known manner by means of tool posts 0 fitted in the T slot 0 The members of the slide rest are actuated by screws D, D in a known manner, and for the purpose of positioning each of the various turning tools, both longitudinally and transversely and "in both normal and abnormal positions, for the purpose of this invention, the screws may be provided with an arrangement of stops as follows Upon the outer end of'the screw D is fixed a drum E having a cylindrical exterior e and a flange e Upon the cylindrical exterior c are fitted rev-olubly a number of rings 6 and a number of spacing rings 6 which separate the rings 0 and are feathered to the drum E so that any ring 6 may be turned without turning its neighbours and clamp ring 6 actuated by bolts 6 may be used to clamp-all the rings 6 and 6 against the flange 6 Each of the rings 6 is provided with a lateral projection e and with the mounting with graduations e on its periphery adapted to be read against the edge of a reader e Upon one end of the bed A, is pivoted a plate F upon a pivot or bung F concentric with the screw D, the plate F being adjustable rotationally thereon by means of a worm and wheel or, as shown, by means of a screw G with a hand wheel 9, the screw G engaging a nut g having a pin g adapted to engage in a radial slot 9 in the plate F. The periphery of the plate F is graduated at 1/3": and a reader a is carried by the frame Fixed to and projecting from the plate F is a stud 7, on which are mounted revolubly a series of stops H having projecting ends 7 adapted to engage the lateral projections c on the stop drum, and thereby to position the various tools. on the stud f by means of suitable collars J, two .of which serve also to carry the reader 6 and a bar j adapted to engage notches if in the bottom edges of the stops It so as to suitably limit their rotation on the stud f Springs k are provided to turn the stops H out of engagement with the lateral projections 6 these springs being further compressed when the operator, with the aid of his fingers, pushes the stops H into engagement.

Upon the outer end of the screw D is fixed a drum E precisely like the drum E and provided with the same associated parts which are identified in the drawings by the same reference characters as the corresponding parts associated with the drum E, a

zero being added to-each character. Near one end of the slide rest C is a reader 0 similar to the reader a and upon this end of the slide rest C is pivoted a plate F precisely similar to the plate F and provided with associated parts like those associated with the plate F and identified in the drawings by the same reference characters as those parts, a zero being added to each character.

l Vhen in use the various tools required, for example 0 c c 0 are fastened to the slide rest C, and the rings 6 0 are adjustably set and clamped totheir stop drums E, E so that the normal operative position of each tool, both longitudinally and transversely, is determined by the setting of one of the rings 6 and one of the rings 6 and their lateral projections 6 6 the plates F, F 0 being at this time set to the zero of its graduations.

By aid of these devices, the various settings in a lens mounting, or succession of such mountings, may be bored to their nor mal diameters and so that their abutments have normal positional relation; and in any case when either the diameter of the bore or the position of any abutment is required The stops H are spaced to differv from normalpaby any predete -l mined amount it? COJIIGSPOILClIDg'r changeun the: position of the tool; can beamsured b movement. of one: of the stopswl-ll,H means of the screw G or- G:- andtheigradua; I

tion-s. f or f For example, the lens mountingM shown in Figure 1- attachedtonthewspindle B by means of the screw chuck-N contains cells m m3, m m screwed together in the ordinary Way and adapted to reeeive four glasses composing the complete lens, The

tool 0 is in position (determined,icy-screw D and the engagementof oueofthe: catches,

11 with the lateral projectionc onwone of the adjustabileeringse on the stop; drum,

E attached to, said screw D) torho cell m' to; its normal diameter. object the scale 7' on the-unoveahlenplate: F co-operating with the screwDnis setg the at zero. The. tool c istalsoiin posit-iontde termined by the-screw D and thaengage ment oii one of-the, catches :H with the lateral pro]ection c on a rings? of: thelstop; drum E, attachcdto said screw D-)1- forutorminnthe abutment m in its normalppositional- For this purpose the scale onvthe platehl co operating with the; screw DH is set: to .ZQBO}. After finishing: the bore m and abutment m the tool a may be similarly positioned (by means otother ca-.tchesiH-;l*l. and rings 0 0 co-o-perating with the screvvsDand D tofinish he bore, m andytheabutment,

m7, and duringtlris operation the cell with bore m- 'and abutment 222; may remain iii-a ther mount M or OtllQliWlSG; asamay be convene ient. In similar manner the tools c and" 0 may be positioned and used respectively;

for finishing: the cells; on? and m with their ahutinents m and m In order to ensure; thatthe ovariouslcells' are bored and their abutments-formed tru'l'y' to one common axis, it isdesirable' that they should all be bOlQCl'ilIl theirown inoinitingm and supported thereby as they areto besupported when 1n use. But We do; not; hnnt ourselves to this arrangement;

In any case in which, owing, to: abnor mulity otia glass or glasses,thediameterof a cell or the position o-rli itsabutmenhis required to. be abnormal, then, mv using: the

apparatus .as above described, instead ot set ting the scales 7, 7 to. zero they are'setto. read the amount of the'ahnorinallty -res quired, lVe employ a plurality "oiitool'sl as shown in Figure 1 either: in order to; mini: mize the effect oii Wear of the tool incases, Where a' large numloerot lenscmounts,ot-ioner kind are to be finished in succession, 01! where, owing tothe intricacy-of desi:gn.- of" the mounting, the tools are most mes iently of different forms. For example the tools 0" and c are hooked in orderthat they may reach. into theccells m and m Pith this Whole \VO'I'kJOf iorming theabntmentsand the; bores isydone by the machine.

In other cases the bores of the cells may havebeen finished beforehand and the-inachine may be vused for: correcting or: adjust:

ing: thenpositions of the abutments only.

Alternatively, instead o t-the above means for setting a tool transversely according? to i any variation .ot the diametorofua lens from-the normal diameter; the body otithe" slide restiG may be providecl 'with means i I which. such- ,variation of a lensv to mount-I edzsmay be used directly to; eflie-ct a connespondingi t transverse: setting of the; tool: for

boring-the set-ting: to receive I said lens. s ufihl meansmay include, .forexample,., a;

jaw or-abntment--ot fixed, to the-1 upper; or transverse slide-of the slideresteC, and a; jaw K onailever Llpivoted atlto; the, same slideoztithereSt; At aypointml (atraldis tance: from Z which is onerhalf ofthat be tween Z and the operative; point of the j as? K), ispivoted, a rodxl shdin intaholein In. cases: where-only a! tow, lens mountsffiS theuppen member on theslide rest capable: ofbeing-clamped.therem icy-means of aneye-bolt Z and not: Z2 land: being screwed rigiddywintothe. nut (Z, by which the cross slide screw -D l'foperatesthe slide; and which for this PMIPQSGgwlIELS limited; movement under the action of the rod Z? in iguidewa'ys: under: theaupper mernzb er; a of the resh The: drum E having been so .set=;,hy:. meansixogl ltSnSlEOIJS thatv the: bofingetool occupies the position properrior boring a setting not inorm-al diameter, the nut Z isloosened, the

lens .to. bemoun-ted, is placed against the aw: 0 and thelever'L i s-turned. until the jaw Ktonchesz the othel sideot the lens,

and: the I rod Z and the; nut d" are vthen.

clamped by means of the nut Z thereby effecting automatically such transverse set tingeither-turning tool inrel'ationto-the nut d" as is necessarywto bore the settingto fit the lens; Thenut Z should be tightenedv before I the setting: is bored.

Thev new: method may be carried :out: in-

dependently "of the particular a apparatus.

shown in the drawings and many changes n'my' bte inade in the arrangement and the parts of the particular apparatus shown without departing from the apparatus features of the invention. e

hat is claimed is:

l. The method of mounting a plurality of' lens systems which are nominally alike, so as to accommodate for variations in the component lenses of the systems, which consists in measuring the focal lengths of the lenses composing each system, determining from such measurements the positional relations of the abutment surfaces of the setting necessary to secure the best results from a combination of the component lenses of each system, forming the said. surfaces in such predetermined positional relations, and then mounting the lenses in the settings so formed.

2-. The method of mounting a plurality of lens systems which are nominally alike, so as to accommodate the variations in the component lenses, which consists in determining by measurement the departures from normal of the focal lengths of the lenses of each system, determining from such measurements the variations from normal in the positional relations of the abutment surfaces of the settings necessary tosecure the best results from a combination of the lenses of each system, forming said surfaces at such predetermined variation from their normal positional relation, and then mounting the lenses in the settings so formed.

The method of mounting a plurality of lens systems which are nominally alike, so as to accommodate for variationsin the component lenses of the systems, which consists in measuring the focal lengths and the thicknesses of the lenses composing each system, determining from such measurements the positional relations of the abutment surfaces of the setting necessary to secure the best results from a combination of the component lenses of each system, forming the said surfaces in such predetermined positional relations, and then mounting the lenses in the" settings so formed.

The method of mounting a plurality of lens systems which. are nominally alike, so as to accommodate the variations in the component lenses, which consists in determining by measurement the departures from normal of the thicknesses and the focal lengths of the lenses of each system, determining from such measurements the variations from normal in the positional relations of the abutment surfaces of the settings necessary to secure the best results from a combination of the lenses of each system, forming said surfaces at such predetermined variation from their normal positional relation, and

then mounting the lenses in the settings so formed.

5. The method oat-mounting a plurality of lens systems which are nominally alike, so

as to accommodate for variations in the component lenses, which comprises measuring the variations from normal of the diameters of the lenses of each system, determining from such measurements the variations from normal in the diameters of the respective settings necessary to secure the best results from a combination of the lenses of each system, boring the settings respectively to such predetermined abnormal diameters, and mounting the lenses in the settings so formed.

6. Apparatus for adjusting the settings of a lens mounting, comprising a spindle for rotating a setting about its axis, a slide to which a plurality of tools adapted to form the abutments upon the settings of the mounting is secured, means for arresting the movement of said slide comprising two sets of cooperating stops, means for adjusting the stops of one set so as to arrest the movement of said slide when each of said tools is in normal position, means for locking the stops of said set in adjusted position, means for adj ustably moving the stops of the other set so as to arrest the movement of said slide when any of said tools is "at a predetermined distance from its normal position, and a scale cooperating with said second set of stops to indicate such predetermined distance.

7. Apparatus for adjusting the settings of a lens mounting, comprising a spindle adapted to rotate a setting about its axis, a slide to which a tool adapted to form an abutment upon the setting is secured, a screw for moving said slide, a ring rotatably mounted upon said screw, a stop upon said ring, means for locking said ring to said screw with its stop in adjusted position, a plate rotatably mount- ,ed coaxially with said screw, means for rotating said plate independently of said screw, and a stop mounted on said plate and movable into and out of position to come into contact with the stop on said ring.

8. Apparatus for adjusting the settings of a lens mounting, comprising a spindle adapted to rotate a setting about its axis, a slide to which a plurality of tools adapted to form abutments upon the settings of said mounting are secured, a screw for moving said slide, a drum upon said screw, a plurality of rings rotatably mounted upon said drum, a stop upon each of said rings, means for locking said rings with said stops in adjusted position, a plate rotatably mounted coaxially with said screw, means for rotating said plate independently of said screw, and a plurality of stops mounted on said plate and independently movable into and out of position to come into contact with the stops on said rings.

9. Apparatus for adjusting the settings of a lens mounting, comprising a fixed bed, a spindle for rotating a setting about its axis, a carriage for a tool adapted to form an abutment upon said setting, a slide upon which said carriage is slidably mounted, said slide being adapted to move upon said bed in a direction at right angles to that upon which. said carriage moves upon said slide, a pair of cooperating independently adjustable stops to arrest the movement of said carriage with respect to said slide, and a 10 pair of cooperating independently adjust- 

